Note that this scheme does not have any concepts it is the upper ontology only: the model of abstract relationships between classes of objects. In this way, simple factual information can be modeled in a way that resembles how we understand facts.Ī graph is essentially the sum total of all of the triples in the system showing all of the concepts and relationships.įigure 6: An upper ontology is the empty data model showing the permitted relationships between schemes of objects, including both inter- and intra-scheme relationships.Ĭircular lines represent relationships of a class with itself, so the UNESCO Thesaurus (a topical taxonomy) is permitted to have Broader-Narrower concepts, while the list of Journals is flat. RDF is based on the concept of triples, which store information in a simple three-part format describing the two objects to be related (the Subject and Object) and the relationship (Predicate) linking them. Ontologies are stored in RDF (short for Resource Description Framework), a Worldwide Web Consortium (or W3C) standard designed for this purpose. Amenable to inferencing: ontologies allow reasoning over the graph to discover new, implied relationships and make them explicit this can be used for machine learning-type applications.Machine-readable: ontologies are expressed using URIs (or Uniform Resource Identifiers) for identifiers which can be resolved using any compatible system.Interoperable: ontologies can be shared between systems (because they are standards-based).Shareable: ontologies are designed for re-use.Extensible and customizable: existing ontologies may be reused and customized.We might also say that objects and relationships are both first-class data citizens. That is to say: in an ontology, both the Boxes and the Arrows are of equal importance. The relationships in the graph aren’t implied through columns with headers, but rather represented directly as objects in the graph (and in the system!). Lastly, note that the edges (relationships) in the graph are labeled and (potentially) directional. Figure 4: This information network modeled as a graph is easy to apprehend at a glance.
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